DRILLING OPERATIONS
This course addresses the technology used to drill wells from a fundamental view point to a specialized one. Equipment and procedures involved with drilling oil and gas wells are described for those who are interested in understanding the drilling operation regardless of academic background. The drilling operation workshop is presented along with definitions and descriptions of drilling equipment. This provides the vocabulary to understand the drilling operation. During the remainder of the week, the various components and procedures are discussed in greater detail with explanations of the basic science concepts which guide these processes.
Subjects include descriptions of drilling rigs, rig equipment and selection, drilling processes for top hole, intermediate hole and production hole, drill bits, drilling fluids, solids control, cementing, casing, hole problems and well bore stability, well control, measurement-while-drilling techniques, stuck pipe, lost circulation, well bore hydraulics and directional, horizontal and multilateral drilling. Some technology enhancements are included to improve understanding of drilling operations for all participants. A discussion of stuck pipe, lost circulation and drill sting vibration be discuddrd. Rocks behave differently under pressure and understanding this behavior helps in understanding drilling performance.
Learning objectives
At the end of this workshop the attendees will be able to:
- Explain drilling rigs, drilling rigs, rig floor equipment, BOPs and bits
- Know the drilling personnel and rig and drilling department management
- Relate the following basic concept: rock types, fracture pressure, formation pressure, wellbore instability, leak testing, kick and kick tolerance.
- Know well site operation requirements and main roles and responsibility of all personnel at rig site as a team work (Company man, Tool pusher, driller, drilling crew, electrician, mechanic, catering crew, service companies on board, etc)
- Provide a comprehensive understanding of drilling fluids and instruction on the engineering on the mud system and solids control equipment, including water base, oil base and syndetic base mud.
- Understand the definition of pore pressure, fracture pressure and the meaning of formation damage.
- Know the definition of mud logging and the scope of services to support drilling and formation evaluation processes.
- Know the concept and principles of mud logging services as surface measurements, what are the measured parameters including drilling and reservoir (rock and fluids)
- Provide comprehensive understanding of wireline and LWD sensors and measurements (directional, resistivity, nuclear, acoustic, pressure, … etc) and its applications for directional drilling, geosteering, formation evaluation, and predictive pressure.
- Know what are the critical well parameters to be monitored and list them. Know their physical meaning and implications in the drilling process.
- Acquire the basic knowledge to design casing and cementing program, methods, equipment and basic commercial analysis.
- Provide the necessary elements and selection criteria to be able to choose the completion program for flowing wells and know how to run them
- Cover the basic well control management techniques using the IADC guidelines and specific kill methods.
Subsurface UDs – Drilling Engineers/ ROEs
This interactive training course includes the following training methodologies as a percentage of total tuition hours :
- Lectures
- Workshops, work presentations ,
- Group Work in case study & Practical Exercises.
- Videos and general discussions
- Pre-Test and Post Test
Course Outline
Overview of drilling operations from A to Z
- Site preparation land and offshore
- Digging or drive conductor
- Rig move
- Drilling top hole
- Cementing top hole
- Testing casing and cement
- Conducting FIT
- Drilling intermediate hole
- Casing and cementing intermediate hole
- Drilling production hole
- Testing and evaluating production zone
- Running production casing and cementing production hole
- Perforating well and running completion string
Rig System and Components
Hoisting System
Rotary System
Circulating System
Power System
Control System
Instrumentation System
Rig Personnel and Rig Organization
- Rig organization
- Rig personnel
- Operator personnel
- Contractor personnel
- Service company personnel
Guidelines for Rig Selection
- General data
- Draw works
- Crown block
- Travelling block
- Handling equipment
- Instruments
Drill String and BHA Review
- Drill string components
- Design drill collar and its specifications
- Design drill pipe and its specification
Rock Bits
- Roller cone bits and its specification
- Drag bits and its specifications
- Hyper bit
- Dull grading
- Evaluating bit pull up depth
Well Plan and Its Components
- Well plan items
- Well plan summary
- AFE display
Reporting Drilling Operation
- Types of reports
- IADC daily drilling report
- Daily drilling report in electronic format
- Studying daily drilling report
Rock and pressure
- Geologic column
- Rock type and characteristics
- Formation pressure and temperature
- Overburden pressure and fracture pressure
- Problems associated with each rock type
- Drillability of the rock types
Conductor Pipe Installation
- Pile hammers
- Refusal points
- Conductor pipe connections
- 30” conductor pipe installation
- Drilling and cementing conductor pipe
Drilling Top Hole
- Bit sizes selection
- BHA
- Spud mud
- Drilling procedure
- WOB, RPM and ROP
- Hole cleaning and mud parameters optimization
Drilling Intermediate Hole
- Bit sizes and types
- BHA
- Mud types and recommended properties
- Drilling parameters and optimization
Drilling production hole
- Bit sizes and types
- BHA
- Mud types and recommended properties
- Drilling parameters and optimization
Drilling Fluids Properties and Lab Evaluation
- Density and mud balance
- Rheological properties and march funnel and Fann V. G. meter
- Thickening materials
- Thinning materials
- Chemical analysis
Drilling Fluids Engineers
- Hydraulics optimization
- Hole Stability
Drilling Fluid Selection Criteria
- Environmental impact
- Well type
- Problems related to the formation
- Drilling rig
- Casing program
- Water requirements
- Corrosion
Solids Control and their Performance Evaluation
- How solids build up
- Detrimental effects of solids
- Mechanical control
- How to measure solids control effectiveness.
- Mud products & mud formations
- Detrimental effects of solids
- Mechanical control
- How to measure solids control effectiveness.
Mud Logging
- Basics of mud logging operation
- Mud logging sensors
- Factors affecting depth measurement
- Factors affecting ROP
- Lithology presentation
- Gas in the mud and its sources
- Type of shows
- Log resistivity pay
- Examples of mud logging displays and interpretation
Hole Problems
- Pipe sticking
- Lost circulation
- Drill string vibration
Casing Weights and Grades Tapered Seal Threads
- API grades identifications
- Non API grades
- Metal to Metal Seal Threads
- Resilient Seals
Guidelines for Running Casing
- Transportation
- Raking
- Coding and lengthening
- Drifting
- Rigging up
- Landing
Casing Accessories and Cementing Equipment
- Guide or float shoe
- Float collar
- Centralizers
- Scratchers
- Multistage collar
- Cement head
- Cement batch mixer
- Cement pump
Cementing
- Principle functions of cementing
- Basic Cementing
- Cementing Equipment
- Setting up a cementing job
- Preplanning
- Bulk handling and storage
Properties of slurries required for cementing Hole /slurry considerations
- Strength of cements to support pipe
- Mixing water
- Slurry density
Cement additions
- Cement accelerations
- Cement retarders
- Lost circulation additives
- Special additives for cement
Considerations during Cementing
- Placements techniques
- Considerations after cement
- Special cement situations
- Plugging and abandoned
- Types of cement plugs
- Placement techniques
- Testing cement plugs
Squeeze Cementing
- Squeeze techniques
- Job planning
- Squeeze packers
- Water control
- Identifying the problem
- Designing treatments for problems
- Infectivity patterns
- Cementing horizontal deviated well bores
Well Control According to IADC
BOP Stack
- Annular
- Ram-type Preventers
- Diverters
Hydraulic BOP Operating System
- Accumulator.
- Pressure Regulating Valves
- Remote Control Panels
- Control Hoses
- Hydraulic BOP Control Unit
Additional Well Control Equipment
- Upper Kelly Cock
- Lower Kelly Cock
- Inside BOPS
- Choke Manifold
- Hydraulically Operated Choke Line Valve
- Cameron Type of Gate Valve
- WKM Gate Valve
- Principles, Preventive Measures, Detection when should a Well be Shut in Rise in Pit Volume
Causes of Kick
- Decrease in mud density
- Decrease in hydrostatic pressure
- Decrease in fluid level
Kick Detection Methods
- Pit level Indicators
- Flow Indicators
- Gas Detectors, Mud handling Facilities
- Formation Characteristics
Kicks & Killing Procedures:
- Shut the well
- Wait and weight method
- Driller method
- Other methods
Directional, horizontal and multilateral drilling
- Co-ordinate system and well planning.
- Directional plan
- Deflecting tools
- Down hole motors and bottom hole assemblies
- MWD, LWD and geosteering
- Survey equipment and survey interpretation.
- Rotary BHA, build, hold and drop
- Mud motor BHA
- RSS
Drilling Optimization and Real Time Optimization
- Weight on bit (WOB)
- Revolution per minute (RPM)
- Rate of penetration (ROP)
- Nonproductive time (NPT)
- Drilling time optimization
- Real time drilling optimization
Well Completion
- Completion configuration
- Completion equipment
- Perforation
- Running completion procedures
- Well head and X-tree